Chapter II The Neoclassical Period

　　一。新古典主義時期概述

　　1. 識記：（1）新古典主義時期的界定

　　（2）政治經濟背景

　　（3）啟蒙運動的意義與影響

　　2. 領會：（1）啟蒙運動的主張與文學的特點

　　（2）新古典主義時期文學的藝術特點

　　3. 應用：啟蒙運動，新古典主義，英雄雙行詩，英國現實主義小說等名詞的解釋

　　1. 識記Definitions of literary terms

　　1） The Enlightenment Movement

　　The 18th-century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th & 16th centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical & artistic ideas. The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality， equality & science. They called for a reference to order， reason & rules & advocated universal education. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden， Alexander pope & so on.

　　2） Neoclassicism

　　In the field of literature， the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to the neoclassicists， all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers （Homer， Virgil， & so on）& those of the contemporary French ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order， logic， restrained emotion & accuracy， & that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. This belief led them to seek proportion， unity， harmony & grace in literary expressions， in an effort to delight， instruct & correct human beings， primarily as social animals. Thus， a polite， urbane， witty， & intellectual art developed.

　　3） The heroic couplet