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2.3 非謂語動(dòng)詞，狀語從句和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)1） Having done their homework， the children began to play. （分詞作狀語）

2） After having done their homework， the children began to play. （連詞+分詞）

3） After they had done their homework， the children began to play. （狀語從句）

4） With homework done， the children began to play. （獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)）

2.4 非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語1） If there is no choice， there is no decision ___ （make）。 （to be made）

2） Do you know the man ____ （ stand） in front of the house？ （standing）.

3） The question ____ （discuss） at the moment is very important. （being discussed）

4） The bridge ____ （build） in the 1950s is still in good condition. （built）

2.5 動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語和表語動(dòng)名詞作主語/表語表示一般、抽象的情況；動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)作主語表示具體某次的情況。

Rising early is good for health. To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me. It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow. My biggest wish is to go abroad. Seeing is believing.

作賓語接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞：admit， acknowledge， avoid， appreciate， consider， delay， enjoy， escape， excuse， forgive， finish， include， involve， mind， put off， postpone， suggest， feel like， look forward to， be used to， be accustomed to， etc.接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：want， tend， intend， pretend， hope， plan， expect， be supposed to， seem， be likely to， used to， be willing to， desire， force， prefer， start， begin

接動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式有不同含義的動(dòng)詞：1） forget， remember， regret 2） stop， continue 3） need/ want 4） allow doing/ allow sb to do

（1） How can I forget meeting you for the first time？

Sorry， I forgot to lock the door.（2） I can‘t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand？

（3） The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.（4） We don‘t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.

3.虛擬語氣

第一大類：非真實(shí)條件下的虛擬語氣

時(shí)間 從句 主句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 did/ were should/could/would + do 與過去事實(shí)相反 had done